The incidence of severe NEC was higher in pups with low birth weight. Conclusions: we have simplified and characterized a neonatal mouse NEC model that shares several risk factors with human NEC. Now that transgenic mice are available, this model will be useful to study the role played by specific proteins in vivo in NEC development. The costs of MICE membership depends on where you're based: £325.50 per year (UK members) £243.75 per year (non-UK members) If you're earning less than £17,076 a year, you might qualify for a reduced membership rate of £70.50. Find out more and apply. Our online tool will help guide you through the process of becoming a MICE. A Representative micrographs of mouse intestinal organoids of control, control + Wnt7b, NEC, and NEC + Wnt7b. B Round compared to budded mouse intestinal organoids with percentages for all. Computer mice can be designed for different uses, so finding the best mouse for your specific needs is important. If you're looking for a gaming mouse, you need an option with low latency and great performance so that it feels responsive and accurate.
A Microsoft InPort bus mouse adapter, in the form of an 8-bit ISA (XT-bus) card. | |||
| Type | Computer mouse input port | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Production history | |||
| Designer | Microsoft | ||
| Designed | late 1980s | ||
| Produced | 1980s to 2000 | ||
| Superseded by | PS/2 port, USB (2000; 21 years ago) | ||
| General specifications | |||
| External | Yes | ||
| Cable | 9 wires plus shield | ||
| Pins | 9 | ||
| Connector | Mini-DIN-9 | ||
| Data | |||
| Data signal | 30–200 Hz (interrupt mode) with 3 button state signals and quadrature signals for mouse movement | ||
| Pin out | |||
| Female port pin layout from the front | |||
| Pin 1 | SW2 | Mouse button 2 | |
| Pin 2 | SW3 | Mouse button 3 | |
| Pin 3 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 4 | XB | X position | |
| Pin 5 | YA | Y position | |
| Pin 6 | YB | Y position | |
| Pin 7 | SW1 | Mouse button 1 | |
| Pin 8 | Vcc | +5 V Power | |
| Pin 9 | XA | X position | |
| XA/XB and YA/YB indicate movement and direction based on quadrature phase. | |||
A bus mouse is a variety of PCcomputer mouse which is attached to the computer using a specialized interface (originally, the Microsoft InPort interface developed for Microsoft's original mouse product).
In the late 1980s, mice were not integrated with IBM-compatible personal computers, and the specialized bus interface (implemented via an ISA add-in card) was one of two popular ways to connect a mouse. (Serial interfaces, common on engineering workstations, were the other method.) When the IBM PS/2 was introduced, it included a motherboard mouse interface which was integrated with the keyboard controller (still called the PS/2 mouse interface long after the PS/2 brand was withdrawn); this fairly quickly drove the bus mouse design out of the marketplace.
The bus mouse lived on in the NEC PC-98 family of personal computers in Japan.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-06). 'Re: [fd-dev] ANNOUNCE: CuteMouse 2.0 alpha 1'. freedos-dev. Archived from the original on 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
[…] The original Mouse Systems Bus Mouse is a normal serial 8250 compatible mouse using the normal Mouse Systems serial protocol, however the base address of this 8250 type chip is not one of the usual COM port addresses 3F8h, 2F8h, 3E8h, or 2E8h, but either 238h or 338h. Besides others these addresses are also supported as alternative addresses for serial ports on the German c't UniRAM add-on ISA card. […] Bus mice from other vendors use completely different interfaces, partially residing at the same I/O addresses […]
External links[edit]
- 'Mouse Connector'. Archived from the original on 2010-07-31. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
NEC is likely a NETs dependent process and markers of NETosis are predictive of NEC in mice and humans
Abstract
Nec Mice & Touchpads Driver Download
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting premature and mature infants. It is hypothesized that NEC is the result of neutrophils' active role in hyperinflammation after bacterial gut colonization, through their nuclear DNA release and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to combat pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of NETs in NEC pathogenesis, as well as to identify and validate markers of NETosis to predict NEC. NEC was induced in mice by gavage feeding of Neocate and lipopolysaccharide, followed by ten minutes of hypoxia (5% O2) q12h for five days, starting on day four postpartum (p.p.). The interrelation of NEC and neutrophils, including NETs, was assessed macroscopically (i.e. NEC score, SYTOX Orange), microscopically (i.e. Chiu score, citrullinated histone H3, neutrophil elastase), and in blood samples (i.e. cell-free DNA (cfDNA), DNase). In order to determine the exact role of NETs in NEC pathogenesis, a protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition model was established (preventing NETs formation in mice) by injecting BB-Cl-amidine once daily, starting on day one p.p. Additionally, human intestinal samples of diagnostically verified NEC were analyzed. In total, 76 mice were analyzed in the experiment. Serum cfDNA correlated positively with NEC manifestation, as measured by macroscopic NEC score (r = 0.53, p = 0.001), and microscopic evaluation with Chiu score (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Markers of neutrophil activation and NETosis were significantly increased in animals with NEC and in human samples as compared to controls. Further, prevention of NETosis by protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition in mice significantly reduced mortality, tissue damage, and inflammation in mice induced with NEC. Our results suggest that the hyperinflammation observed in NEC is a NETs-dependent process, as NEC severity was significantly reduced in mice incapable of forming NETs (PAD inhibition) and markers for NEC and NETs correlated positively during the time course of NEC induction. Further, serum surrogate markers of NETosis (such as cfDNA and DNase) appear to predict NEC in neonatal mice. As findings of the mouse NEC model correlate positively with human NEC samples immunohistochemically, the hyperinflammation reaction observed in mice could potentially be applied to human NEC pathogenesis.
Nec Mice & Touchpads Drivers
- Publication:
- Pub Date:
- August 2018
- DOI:
- 10.1038/s41598-018-31087-0
- Bibcode:
- 2018NatSR...812612V